7 Types of Headline Headaches

7 Types of Headline Headaches 7 Types of Headline Headaches 7 Types of Headline Headaches By Mark Nichol Since the commencement of news coverage, features have developed as a strategy for refining the substance of an article into a bunch of words that will bring perusers into the piece, and they serve that work for different sorts of enlightening substance, for example, bulletins and reports. In any case, in distributions that are not cautiously altered, particularly on post-it-right-now sites, features can welcome an inappropriate sort of interest, joined with disarray or scorn, when they’re distributed with mistakes. This post inspects different sorts of basic mix-ups. 1. Poor Grammar This subheadline, under a feature about mobile phone reception apparatuses, begins with a dangling modifier: â€Å"Numbering Over 2,400 in City Alone, Neighborhoods Say ‘Enough Is Enough.’† (The sentence development infers that the figure alludes to the quantity of neighborhoods.) The subject ought to be rehashed (ideally, with rich variety), and the statement must be gone before by a comma: â€Å"Towers Number 2,400 in the City Alone, and Neighborhoods Say, ‘Enough Is Enough.’† 2. Unbalanced Syntax â€Å"Man Throws Woman Off Overpass, Then Self† isn’t wrong, and it could be contended that the self destruction part of the self destruction murder is the key point, yet the feature is ungainly and is better rendered â€Å"Man Throws Woman, Then Self, Off Overpass.† And the exacting significance of â€Å"Man Accused of Putting Bodies in Barrels in Court† is that the off putting occurred in the court; this lost modifier is effortlessly revised: â€Å"Man Accused of Putting Bodies in Barrels Appears in Court.† 3. Wrong Usage A typical blunder is executed in â€Å"Less Drinking-Related Problems Reported at College.† (The issues are quantifiable, so less is the right word decision.) In â€Å"VW to end making bugs in Mexico,† promoted in sentence style instead of feature style, the decision of the main action word is unbalanced (stop is better), and Bugs, however an epithet for a brand name, is as yet a name and ought to be promoted. 4. Excess Tedious wording is uncommon in features, yet when cash is concerned, feature authors can get reckless, as in â€Å"Get $100 Bucks for Recycling Old Computer Gear† and â€Å"$1.4 Million Dollars Later, No Progress.† (This kind of mistake appears in the articles themselves, as well, as in â€Å"Taxpayers burned through $1.4 billion dollars on everything from staffing, lodging, flying, and engaging President Obama and his family last year.† There’s additionally a parallelism blunder in the rundown; the sentence should peruse something like, â€Å"Taxpayers burned through $1.4 billion on everything from giving staffing to President Obama and his family a year ago to lodging, flying, and engaging them during that period.†) 5. Incorrect spelling Periodicals highly esteem authentic exactness, yet incorrect spelling natural names is a lamentably basic event, as in â€Å"Jennifer Anniston Talks About Having Babies† (her last name is spelled Aniston) and â€Å"Smith Is the Michaelangelo of Real Estate† (the artist’s name is styled Michelangelo). 6. Off base Punctuation An article featured â€Å"To Some Graffiti Is Art, Others Its Vandalism† not just discards a couple of commas and a punctuation and flubs another accentuation mark yet in addition forgets about a word; it ought to be â€Å"To Some, Graffiti Is Art; to Others, It’s Vandalism.† Another feature additionally does not have a punctuation: â€Å"Officials Past Helps Him Plan the Future,† where authorities is treated as a plural as opposed to in particular possessive structure. 7. Mistaken Use or Lack of Hyphenation Unwarranted hyphenation, for example, that in the feature â€Å"Soldier Guilty in Parachute-Tampering† the hyphen is suitable just if â€Å"parachute-tampering† is a phrasal modifier going before a thing, for example, case is irritating however harmless, yet the damaging of the age run in â€Å"Most 18-29 Year-Olds Sleep with Their Smartphones† (remedy: â€Å"Most 18-to 29-Year-Olds Sleep with Their Smartphones†) is humiliating. Nor does wrong exclusion of hyphens in standing expressions mirror the thorough quality control that guarantees perusers of a newspaper’s exactness; â€Å"Cease Fire in Liberia† and â€Å"Debate Free for All† should peruse â€Å"Cease-Fire in Liberia† and â€Å"Debate Free-for-All.† Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Business Writing classification, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsRunning Amok or Running Amuck?5 Tips to Understand Hyphenated Words

Yepi game Free Essays

Computer games truly are an amazing relaxation time work out, however they can deplete your pocket instantly. Doing practices some information before you making any future PC amusement exchanges and pay heed to the was made on this site page. It will preserve you dollars and grant you to purchase an extraordinary arrangement significantly increasingly web based games. We will compose a custom article test on Yepi game or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now We consistently observe that computer games can be irresistible. Energetic kids spent a decent arrangement of their own amount of time In participating In It on the cost with their coming down, find hrs notwithstanding family commitments. Also, enjoying on the web video cut games continually can Isolate kids from companionships, abbreviate their look at and make noteworthy social insurance issues. On the off chance that you are the kind of Individual who penance significant time getting a charge out of web based games with no performing anything by any means, after that it is actually something which you have to stress over. A lot of on the internet players don't consideration altogether about jumping on radical alterations within their propensities. Subsequently we without a doubt eve referenced a few negatives of on-line film computer games. What's more, on the off chance that you directly have a game that you appreciate, you could need to look for its continuations. Mainstream web based games frequently end up with various continuations, which keep up the subject of the game, while including some new intense other options and capacities to it. Finding gratis online blaze web based games on the internet is straightforward, there are a few sites that have a grouping of glimmer games, and the games are ordered and organized in agreement to the inclinations of the purchasers. Henceforth, the decisions of choosing the right pleasant filled blaze games are expanded for the gamers in this kind of destinations and it is Just a matter of tapping the best possible game you need to perform. Hyperemia. Com By Christian arrangement of their own amount of time in participating in it on the cost with their preparation, find hrs notwithstanding family commitments. What's more, enjoying on the web video cut games continually can disengage kids from kinships, abbreviate their person who penance significant time getting a charge out of web based games with no performing The most effective method to refer to Yepi game, Papers

Overview of Personal Construct Theory

Overview of Personal Construct Theory Theories Personality Psychology Print Personal Construct Theory Overview By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 29, 2019 Hero Images / Getty Images More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Personal construct theory suggests that people develop personal constructs about how the world works. People then use these constructs to make sense of their observations and experiences. The world we live in is the same for all of us, but the way we experience it is different for each individual. For example, imagine that you and your friend are going for a walk in the park and you spot a large brown dog. You immediately see a graceful and adorable animal that you would like to pet. Your friend, on the other hand, sees a threatening animal that she wants to avoid. How can two people have such a different interpretation of the same event? According to psychologist George Kelly, personality is composed of the various mental constructs through which each person views reality. Kelly believed that each person was much like a scientist. Just like scientists, we want to understand the world around us, make predictions about what will happen next, and create theories to explain events. How Exactly Does Personal Construct Theory Work? Kelly believed that we start by first developing a set of personal constructs, which are essentially mental representations that we use to interpret events. These constructs are based on our experiences and observations. During the early 1950s, the behavioral and psychoanalytic perspectives were still quite dominant in psychology. Kelly proposed his personal construct theory as an alternative view that departed from these two prominent points of view. Rather than viewing human beings as passive subjects who were at the whims of the associations, reinforcements, and punishments they encountered in their environments (behaviorism) or their unconscious wishes and childhood experiences (psychoanalysis), Kelly believed that people take an active role in how they collect and interpret knowledge. “Behavior is not the answer to the psychologist’s question; it is the question,” he suggested. As we live our lives, we perform experiments that put our beliefs, perceptions, and interpretations to the test. If our experiments work, they strengthen our current beliefs. When they dont, we are able to change our views. What makes these constructs so important? Because according to Kelly, we experience the world through the lens of our constructs. These constructs are used to predict and anticipate events, which in turn determines our behaviors, feelings, and thoughts. Kelly also believed that all events that happen are open to multiple interpretations, which he referred to as constructive alternativism. When we are trying to make sense of an event or situation, he suggested that we are also able to pick and choose which construct we want to use. This sometimes happens as an event unfolds, but we can also reflect back on our experiences and then choose to view them in different ways. How Do We Use Constructs? Kelly believed that the process of using constructs works in much the same way that a scientist utilizes a theory. First, we begin by hypothesizing that a particular construct will apply to a particular event. We then test this hypothesis by applying the construct and predicting the outcome. If our prediction is correct, then we know that the construct is useful in this situation and we retain it for future use. But what happens if our predictions dont come true? We might reconsider how and when we apply the construct, we might alter the construct, or we might decide to abandon the construct altogether. Recurrences play an important role in personal construct theory. Constructs emerge because they reflect things that frequently recur in our experience. Kelly also believed that constructs tend to be organized in a hierarchical fashion. For example, more basic constructs might lie and the base of the hierarchy, while more complex and abstract constructs lie can be found at higher levels. Kelly also believed that constructs are bipolar; essentially, each construct consists of a pair of two opposing sides. Some examples include active versus passive, stable versus changing, and friendly versus unfriendly. The side that a person applies to an event is known as the emergent pole. The side that is not being actively applied is the implicit pole. It is essential to remember the emphasis on individuality in personal construct theory. Constructs are inherently personal because they are based on each persons life experiences. Each persons system of constructs is unique, and it is the individual nature of these experiences that form the differences between people. Observations Might not the individual man, each in his own personal way, assume more of the stature of a scientist, ever seeking to predict and control the course of events with which he is involved? Would he not have his theories, test his hypotheses, and weigh his experimental evidence? And, if so, might not the differences between the personal viewpoints of different men correspond to the differences between the theoretical points of view of different scientists?(Kelly, 1963)Kelly believed that people have a fundamental need to predict the events that they experience. They do so by developing a system of personal constructs, which they use to interpret or construe new events. Constructs are derived from recurring elements in ones experience, but because theyre developed separately by each person, each persons system of constructs is unique.(Carver Scheier, 2000) George Kelly and Personal Construct Theory

Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein - 1062 Words

Isabella Lichtenberg Ms. North English II Honors 10 December 2015 Title of Your Report A Hermit is simply a person to whom society has failed to adjust itself. (Will Cuppy). In the gothic novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley we follow the life of Victor Frankenstein in 18th century Germany. Shelley displays a recurring theme of isolation and how it drives once good people to do terrible things. If civilization does not adjust itself to a creature of any kind they will be forced into isolation and ultimately self destruction. Victor Frankenstein, the main character in the novel is a man of science, he dedicates everything he has into his work, but when he takes it too far he drives himself into the cold darkness of isolation. â€Å"For this I†¦show more content†¦My protectors had departed and had broken the only link that held me to the world. (Shelly 132). When reading this quote we are shown that mankind has completely pushed away the creature, since the people who lived in the cottage rejected him he feels that he has lost all hope of connecting with mankind, once he learns that the people have completely left the village the creature goes into a state of anger which causes his dangerous escalate into a murderer. Evil thenceforth became my good.† (Shelly 210). When the creature says this quote in the end of the book he is acting as if he is lucifer. In paradise lost lucifer says farewell remorse all good to me is lost;/ evil, be thou my good. (Paradise lost IV.109-110). As the creatu re is reminiscing back on his life he realizes that he himself is more like lucifer than Adam, he is a fallen angel. And the creature continues to realize that even the most horrible people, including Lucifer the fallen angel, have people to be with and share thoughts. The creature has no one to love or care for him. Remembering all of the terrible things that he has done it causes the creature to think about his decisions and the decisions made by the society that ever so outwardly hated him. The creature is going to die with no one even though he tried to find companionship. Society did not accept the creature for who he is, therefor he was plunged into an icy

Criminals Blamed Mental Illnesses Of Schizophrenia Essay

Criminals Blames Mental Illnesses Criminal activities characteristically has undesirable consequences for others, provides a compelling reason to think that criminals lack social motivation or is Schizophrenic. Consequently, Schizophrenia, a mental disorder is usually blamed by criminals who doesn’t have an exact reason for killing someone. People who has been characterized as being Schizophrenic, are normally put on medication to help them cope with their actions and emotions. Some symptoms of being Schizophrenic is having false beliefs of what is real and not real, what is clear or unclear, hears voices, lacks motivation to do certain things and withdraw from the outside world. People with schizophrenia often have a different perception of realism. Although schizophrenia is a chronic disorder, there is help available. With support, medication, and therapy, many people with schizophrenia are able to function independently and live fulfilling lives (Melinda Smith). However, there are people who uses the disord er an escape goat for their criminal actions, killing and murdering people and expect sympathy due to their illnesses. Schizophrenic disorder has been the blame for many criminal activities over the years. If a person gets diagnosed with a mental problem and shows any sign of bad behavior leading up to criminal act, their mental illness is always the first that people looks at. However, the mental illness is never the issue, therefore, mental illnesses -with the rightShow MoreRelatedCriminal Profiling, Criminal, And Forensic Psychology1226 Words   |  5 PagesCriminal profiling is another subject of criminal and forensic psychology, which is probably one of the oldest studies of forensic science. Criminal profiling has been called many things, such as behavioral profiling, crime scene profiling, criminal personality profiling, psychological profiling, and more recently even criminal investigation analysis. Criminal profiling’s history has come from a history of criminal behavior, the study of mental illnesses, and forensic examinations. Criminal profilingRead MoreThe Problem Of Mental Illness2557 Words   |  11 PagesThis paper will analyze the problem of mental illness in American society. Firstly, this paper will discuss why mental illness is such a large problem. Access to equal treatment is not available for all. Therefore, when not addressed or treated, mental illness can lead to further social issues such as gun violence, suicide, homelessness, and incarceration. This paper will also address three government policy solutions that help treat the severely mentally ill, ease their transitions back into theirRead MoreThe Decision Making Process Of Extermination By The Nazi Germans During World War II3182 Words   |  13 Pagescome about and be successful. Hitler’s tactics in rising to power was to create a group to blame for Germany’s depression and because German civilians were desperate for both money and work, they were a vulnerable population. Although Jews were blamed because they were much more successful economically during this harsh time for Germany, Hitler steered Germans to prey on weak social groups such as minorities and the physically impaired. Although the research question of this paper is geared towardRead MoreMentally Ill Prisons And The Death Sentence2084 Words   |  9 PagesMentally Ill Prisons and the Death Sentence Criminals with mental disorders should be held accountable for their actions and receive adequate punishment up to and including the death penalty. If they’re well enough to commit the crime that someone without a mental disorder can commit they should get the same punishment. 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Young prostitute are earning by taking up pole dancing, escort work and prostitution to help fund their studies. The trend has been blamed on the rising cost of higher education, which will see some students graduate with projected debts and the proliferation of websites that facilitate opportunities for anonymous sex work. The High in tuition fees, soaring living costs and governmentRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 PagesLondon, England. My interest in OCD and unwanted intrusive thoughts was sparked by t he stimulating discussions and innovative research of the clinical faculty, most notably Jack Rachman and Padmal de Silva. My doctoral thesis on the psychophysiology of mental control and unwanted intrusive thoughts was an outgrowth of their insights into the pathology of obsessional thought. vii viii Preface In the late 1980s, I was introduced to the cognitive perspective on clinical disorders by Aaron T. BeckRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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Cost-benefit analysis is a term that is used to refer Free Essays

Cost-benefit analysis is a term that is used to refer to the process of comparing the benefits against the costs of one or more options in order to choose the alternative which is the best or the most profitable. It entails assessing all the costs and all the benefits then determining the difference. In order to decide on whether to buy locally produced products or not to buy, one needs to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the benefits as well as the costs of such a move. We will write a custom essay sample on Cost-benefit analysis is a term that is used to refer or any similar topic only for you Order Now Examples of products that can be bought locally or imported are foodstuffs e. g. vegetables. Buying locally means buying foodstuffs and products that are produced within one’s locality. Buying locally produced foodstuffs has its costs as well as benefits. Among the benefits of buying locally produced foodstuffs against non-locally produced are that locally produced foodstuffs require less energy to produce than imported ones. (http://www. sustainabletable. org/issues/buylocal/). For instance, the supply chain from the farmer to the consumer is short unlike in imported items which have to undergo long distribution chains before reaching the consumers. This leads to less environmental pollution because little transportation is needed to move the produce to the consumer. Processing and transportation of produce requires a large amount of fuel. This leads to more emissions of carbon monoxide and the greenhouse gases thus environmental degradation. These are the gases that lead to global warming. (http://www. sustainabletable. org/issues/energy/). The greenhouse gases also cause direct harm to human health through emission of toxic by-products when they are burnt. Another benefit of buying locally produced foodstuffs is that fewer amounts of fertilizers are used in producing them. Since manures are heavy, they can not be transported over long distances hence are used within short distances. Imported foods would require artificial fertilizers and pesticides for their production since they are produced on a large scale. Large amounts of energy are expended in producing these fertilizers hence environmental degradation. Furthermore these fertilizers and pesticides have direct negative impacts on the environment in that they pollute the soil and consequently water. In addition, locally produced foods require less processing and preservation measures than the non-locally produced. Since their distribution distances are not long, locally produced foods can be accessed by consumers when they are still fresh hence do not require processing or use of preservatives. On the other hand, non-locally produced foods require processing and preservation in order to make them reach the intended destinations in usable forms. Processing requires energy thus additional costs. Since local foods do not need large-scale farms to produce, the concept of organic farming can be applied. This is opposed to non-locally produced which are technology intensive i. e. require heavy machinery and large amounts of fertilizers and pesticides to produce. Thus, in terms of energy costs, locally produced foodstuffs are more energy efficient and environmentally friendly than the non-locally produced foodstuffs. (http://www. localharvest. org/buylocal. jsp). Adopting this concept will lead to the world saving a large amount of energy that can be used elsewhere. This system is also good in that it reduces substantially the amount of greenhouse gas emissions. This is good in that effects of the gases on the environment i. e. global warming are reduced. Locally produced foods also have more benefits to the consumer than the non-locally produced. Firstly, locally produced foods can be accessed when they are still fresh hence are more nutritious. This ensures that the quality of the produce is guaranteed. Due to the fact that agricultural products are highly perishable, non-locally produced foodstuffs need processing and preservation to improve their shelf life (http://www. sustainabletable. org/issues/buylocal/). Due to this, their quality is not guaranteed. The preservatives also alter the nutrition of the products and can also be harmful to consumers’ health. Processing requires energy hence fossil fuels are used which lead to environmental pollution. Another reason why consumers would prefer locally produced foods to non-locally produced is that they get the products from people they recognize. Thus locally produces foodstuffs are favored to non-locally produced ones due to the above factors. The cost estimates of local foodstuffs are far less than those for non-local foodstuffs. In accordance with the above analysis, it is very cheap to produce foods locally. This is because the farmers can use sustainable production methods which have less harmful effects to the environment (http://www. localharvest. org/buylocal. jsp. ). Locally produced foods also have less energy requirements as opposed to non-locally produced ones. This is due to the fact that less transportation and processing is required for locally produced foodstuffs. Based on the above facts, it is imperative to note that buying locally produced foodstuffs is much more beneficial than buying non-locally produced foods. Not only does doing this support the fight against environmental degradation but also helps improve a peoples’ health. Fresh foodstuffs are nutritious good for a healthy living. This policy would also enhance reservation of the non-renewable energy sources. This policy should be adopted because it can lead to the creation of self reliant food economies and consequently promoting food self sufficiency. REFERENCES Buy Local. Retrieved on 18th April, 2008. From (http://www. sustainabletable. org/issues/buylocal/) Sustainable Table; healthy foods. Retrieved 18th April, 2008. From (http://www. sustainabletable. org/issues/buylocal/) Local Harvest. Retrieved on 18th April, 2008. From (http://www. localharvest. org/buylocal. jsp How to cite Cost-benefit analysis is a term that is used to refer, Papers

Transgender Students on Colleges Needs and Challenges

Transgender Transgender is a term used to define a variety of groups of people who portray a deviation from the conventionally set gender identities. It is a case of one’s identity and has completely nothing to do with an individual’s sexual orientation because a transgender person can be heterosexual, bisexual, poly-sexual, pansexual, asexual or even homosexual (Beemyn, 2005, ).Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Transgender Students on Colleges: Needs and Challenges specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Transgender is a state of the person not identifying with the assigned gender, which is mostly because of appearance or genetics. In order to accommodate all the involved groups of people, there is no attributed definition of transgender due to the diversity of the subject. It is important therefore to note that a transgender person may portray characteristics of a given gender, or identify in a dif ferent place in the gender continuum or fail to associate with any of the traditional gender identities. According to Carter (1999), the definition of the term transgender keeps on evolving and therefore the meaning is dynamic. There is a need therefore to understand what is inclusive in the transgender definition through comparing it with other related terminologies. The term transsexual has its origin in the medical and psychological disciplines. Many people under the category of transsexuals have the belief that for one to fit in the category completely, they have to undergo a surgery (Beemyn, 2005, p.80). It is however possible to reassign this change of gender simply by the administration of the hormones estrogen and testosterone. The sexual reassignment surgery (SRS) sets the foundation for the transition from one gender identity to the next or even settling in between for transsexuals. Transsexuals are therefore considered as components under the umbrella of transgender. This follows the simple logic that the transsexuals undergo the transition for the desire to identify with a gender different from the one they were assigned at birth by considering their genitals.Advertising Looking for dissertation on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Identities inclusive in transgender According to Beemyn (2005, p.34), there is a number of overlapping identities that can be included in the transgender bracket. This includes the Cross-dressers/ transvestite, adrogynes, gender queer, drag queens and kings, and transsexuals. The category of transvestite fetishists is not included in transgender because it is regarded as rather a paraphilia and not a gender identity. In order to be considered a transgender, the person must portray the desire to identify with a sex different from the one that they were assigned at birth (Carter, 1999, p. 45). This leaves out the category of those people who are interse x. These people have characteristics such as genitalia that do not conform strictly to the definitions of the traditional alignments of gender. These people cannot be strictly transgender considering that they do not necessarily disagree with their assigned gender or current identity. The condition of portraying the desire to identify with the opposite sex has however been contested by some scholars interested in the discipline. These include Bilodeau (2005, p.30), who states that by choosing that as a determining factor, an equally important group; the cross dressers/ transvestite will be left out. This is because according to his definition of cross dressers, the people involved do not desire to identify with the opposite sex but only fancy wearing clothing that belongs to the opposite sex not because they want to feel like the opposite sex but simply because it is of the opposite sex. This locks out those people who dress clothes belonging to the opposite sex for other reasons. A clear understanding of the challenges and the needs of students under this category is important to ensure that their welfare is catered for. Challenges Discrimination According to Beemyn ,most institutions of higher learning have gender exclusive policies that marginalize the transgender students (2005, p.77).Cases have been recorded whereby transgender students feel completely out of place due to the policies that are in place in their institutions of learning.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Transgender Students on Colleges: Needs and Challenges specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He explores the forms of discriminatory policies that exist in these institutions. For instance, he gives an example of a situation from Ohio State University where the campus admission form expects applicants to check either the M or F boxes for their gender (Beemyn, 2005, p. 34). In this case, transgender students wishing to join the university felt completely left out in the process since some are not fully aware of where they belong. Beemyn (2005) goes further to address the different challenges that the students face in accessing services from different facilities in the campuses and colleges (p.102). For instance, in the halls of residence, there is a tendency by most institutions to brand a given hall as belonging to either male only or females only. This makes it difficult for transgender students to take campus housing as an option since they already feel left out by the system. Disapproval A more personal problem that transgender students face is that of disapproval. They encounter hostility due to their changing or already changed identities (Lombardi, Wilchins, Priesling, Malouf, 2001, p.100). Worth noting is that people consider this a source of violence and harassment. Hate crimes directed to the transgender students is rampant in many institutions of higher learning (Beemyn, 2005, p. 100). In situations where these students are faced with harassment and there are no organs put in place by the institutions to help them, some end up dropping out of school or getting psychologically affected which results into poor academic performances by the students. Some of the students have testified having faced disapproval that has eventually affected them to an extent to dropping out of school. This is worse especially when the disapproval and lack of necessary support is also present at the student’s home (Carter, 1999, p. 78).Advertising Looking for dissertation on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Beemyn (2005) students who face disapproval, both in their homes and in campus were the most affected (p. 45). This in most cases results to depression and the student can no longer concentrate with his/ her studies. Depression The negative attention that transgender students receive results to depression. One of the most rampant occurrences is that of transgender students developing stress that deteriorates to depression. These students are abused, mistreated and worst still experience violence directed towards them simply because of their state. When depressed, these students cannot concentrate with their studies and their overall performance is greatly affected. A good example in where a student was insulted by being called a â€Å"fag† and a â€Å"queer† simply because he looks effeminate (Beemyn, 2005, p. 34). This must have been a tough time for the student who had to balance his social identity and his academic work to make sure that he excelled in his endeavors. Such treatment directed on transgender students is a major cause of concern since it is also the biggest cause of depression to the students. Most learning institutions lack enough facilities such as counseling centers to assist transgender students who find themselves caught up in such situations. This further contributes to the depression since the students tend to feel that no one cares for them and that they are all by themselves. Fear of their life after campus Transgender students live with the fear that they may face more problems in the future when they come out of their present institutions (Herbst, Malaney, 1999, p. 43). These fears include the fear that they might not get work in their respective areas of specialization when other people discover the truth about their identities. This is mostly in cases where by the employers or the faculty members might have a phobia and treat them harshly or deny them chances based on their identities. Some institutions in the society have policies that do not tolerate transgender people and the particular student might have interest in the specific area (Lees, 1998, p.23). As given in the example of the Ohio State University by Beemyn, transsexual students wonder and express fear in what to expect in the future, where they strive desperately to have their gender changed in the records to reflect their current appearance. They also express fears about how others will receive them when they get out finding jobs. Because of this fear, these students are always psychologically affected and this worry fills a portion of their minds where they should be receiving new knowledge from their teachers and professors. These worries also confuse some students when it comes to career choice since they become confused as what to do to impress others at the expense of their happiness and personal satisfaction. Sexual harassment and abuse from others There are reported cases in many institutions of higher learning where transgender students are victims of sexual harassment and abuse from their colleagues (Lombardi, Wilchins, Priesling, Malouf, 2001, p. 93). This is mostly in cases where the institutions have no consideration of transgender students especially when it comes to the assigning of amenities such as bathrooms, restrooms and residential halls. A good example is a case where a teacher might force a transsexual student to share a room with a bully who discovers the state of the other student and harasses him or her. Lombardi (2001, p.89) states that these cases have been rampant in most institutions and little has been addressed concerning the efforts that are being put in place to curb such a crime. Due to the fear of attracting unnecessary attention towards themselves, the students who become victims of their situations end up depressed and some result to desperate measures to liberate themselves while keeping it as a secret. There have been cases where by transsexual students who are victims of sexual abuse result into murdering their predators in order to seek their redemption. In fact, most people do not always consider such incidences when dealing with the investigation of such crimes, which leads to the real problems, which the people including teachers and parents leave unsolved by the end of the day. Low self-esteem Institutions such as colleges and universities are supposed to prepare students for the tough challenges of adulthood that people need to address with a lot of self-confidence and esteem. Due to the problems encountered by the transgender students in their social life, it becomes quite difficult for them to develop self-esteem since colleagues and other people they interact with always look down upon them. In some institutions, this is worse to the extent that a transgender student cannot make a class or a school presentation without others booing them (Pusch, 2005, p.62). This makes the students to feel out of place and always lacking the ir own confidence. There are many incidences where transsexual students face a good deal of ridicule from their closest friends because of their state. Since most cannot do a thing to change their current situations, they end up recoiling in themselves and as a result, their composure and overall self-esteem is lowered (Currah, Minter, Green, 2000, p.68). Lack of proper representation In some colleges especially those that are of the conservative type, transgender students face the problem of people not representing them as well as not giving a forum to their problems where they can be addressed (Lees, 1998, p. 41). This results to the problems that they face failing to be addressed fully and they end up collapsing under the weight of their challenges. However, though some institutions claim to represent fully the minority groups, they do not tackle appropriately the issue of transgender students based on their failure to address their problems to satisfaction. Needs of transgender students Full representation To address the issue of transgender students often feeling left out, invisible or underrepresented, the college and campus administrators should incorporate in their systems a more inclusive education program that allows the full participation of transgender students (Lees, 1998, p.43). Lees continues to state that the formation of associations that would act as forums for the students to share their experiences is a major need that any institution that is aimed at improving the environment to suite all groups of students and facilitate their academic excellence cannot disregard (1998, p.54). The programming of activities in the colleges and campuses should be such that they all-inclusive. As argued by Beemyn (2005, p.39), these activities contribute to the development of the students. There should be certain times while the activities should be specially designed to suite the transgender students for the reason of making them feel appreciated and compl etely part of the system. Support In most institutions, people address transgender issues together with that of the lesbian, gays and bisexuals (LGB) (Putsch, 2005, p.112). However, in most cases despite these organizations having the inclusive mandate of addressing the issues of the bisexuals, they end up not solving them by the end of the day. This is mostly the case for transgender students who identify themselves as heterosexuals (Beemyn, 2005, p.56). In order to receive this full support, transgender students need to form their own separate associations that will look into their issues separately to ensure that every issue related to transgender is reviewed and addressed accordingly. This is always possible when there is a supportive climate in the campus (Currah, Minter, Green, 2000). All inclusive policies The evident discriminatory policies in virtually all campuses affect transgender students largely. The situation therefore calls for the need to amend most of the nondiscr imination policies of these institutions that include the selection of the categories of â€Å"sex† or sexual orientation to cover the transgender people. In this case, people should perceive their gender expression rather than their biological gender without any interrogation as the gender identity of the student (Beemyn, 2005, p. 37). Confirming the Love (1999, p.295) states that there are other instances whereby a transgender student wants to change the identity that is currently reflected on their documents. In these instances, the procedure to do so should be an easy one to ensure that they can do so without any form of disapproval or rough interrogation. All inclusive housing in the campus Most institutions have housing policies that assume that all of the students are either male or female. These policies are dangerous in that they discriminate against the transgender students and expose them to ‘trans-phobic’ sexual violence and harassment. Therefore, the responsible people should amend these policies to address the concerns of transgender students especially those who are in the process of transition from one gender to the other. There should be separate residential halls for transgender students rather than simply labeling them as for males and females only (McKinney, 2005, p.102). When the amendment of these policies takes place with the housing of students in campuses becoming all-inclusive, the transgender students will feel appreciated based on the observance of their privacy. When they share halls of residence, they coexist easily with one another since they understand each other. Privacy According to Bochenek and Brown (2001), institutions accommodating transgender students need to accord them the right to privacy whereby their sexual orientation or nature should not form topics of discussion to others (p. 122). The need follows because most unnecessary attentions result to these students feeling uneasy as well as the feelin g of mistreatment by the management who seem to interfere with their privacy rights (Human Rights Watch, 2001, p. 19). This can only happen where the student fraternity as well as other members of the campus society is educated about the nature of transgender students. This deals with the attitudes of disapproval and hatred that can negatively affect these students. One everyone in the campus creates a suitable condition for the transgender student, social life becomes easy and the student feels that s/he is normal and part of the society. Putting aside bathrooms and locker rooms that are designated neither for males nor for females can pass for a good way of ensuring, that the students use the facilities that do not expose them to other people’s curiosities (Rankin, 2003, p.29). The Ease to amend vital identification College records and documents Institutions that harbor transsexual students need to give them the opportunity to amend their names and other vital information i n the college records with ease. They should allow those who decide transition from a particular gender to the other completely by the change of names to do so without any restrictions (Nakamura, 1998, p.102). They should further help them in the process legally or otherwise to avoid incidences whereby the arm of the government might catch them up in compromising situations and have to explain why their names do not reflect their original names or their current gender. The processes of changing important details such as names in vital documents however vary from one state to the other. Some states have cumbersome procedures that require the intervention of the administrators of the school to ensure that the students succeed in the venture. Conclusion Despite the fact that institutions of higher learning should prepare students to become responsible adults, transgender students continue face numerous challenges while in these institutions that include colleges and universities (Brown , Clarke, Gortmaker, Robinson-Keilig, 2005, p.65). These challenges influence negatively on their academic performance and psychologically. In order to address completely the needs of transgender students, it is important first to be aware of the major challenges affecting them. Institutions harboring these students need to give them the chance to excel academically and develop physically, mentally, and spiritually (Bilodeau, 2005, p.40). This can only be reached if all the challenges and needs that they have are addressed accordingly therefore making the environment conducive for their learning. Addressing these issue amounts to upholding their human rights, which make them feel appreciated and supported and given the right environment to make it in life (Carter, 1999, p.72). Otherwise, disability does not imply inability, as these are students like others with equal potential of excelling, not only academically but also in life in general. References List Beemyn, B. (2005). Makin g Campuses more Inclusive of Transgender Students.  Journal of Gay Lesbian issues in Education, 3(1), pp.77-87. Bilodeau, B. (2005). Beyond the Gender Binary: A case Study of two Transgender Students at a Midwestern Research University. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Issues in Education, 3(1), pp. 29-44. Bochenek, M., Brown, A. (2001). Hatred in the hallways: Violence and  discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender students in U.S. schools. New York: Human Rights Watch. Brown, R., Clarke, B., Gortmaker, V., Robinson-Keilig, R. (2005). Assessing the Campus Climate for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Students using a Multiple Perspectives Approach. In S. R. Rankin, Campus climate for sexual minorities. New Directions for Student Services, 111, pp.17-23. Carter, K. (1999). Transgenderism and College Students: Issues of Gender Identity and  its Role on our Campuses. Toward acceptance: Sexual Orientation Issues on Campus. USA: University Press of Am erica. Currah, P., Minter, S., Green, J. (2000). Transgender equality: A handbook for  activists and policymakers. Washington, DC: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. Herbst, S., Malaney, G. (1999). Perceived Value of a Special Interest Residential Program for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Students. NASPA Journal, 36(2), pp.106-109. Human Rights Watch. (2001). Hatred in the hallways: Violence and discrimination  against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender students in U.S. schools. New York: Human Rights Watch. Lees, L. (1998). Transgender Students on our Campuses. Working  With Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender College Students: A handbook for Faculty and Administrators. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Lombardi, E., Wilchins, R., Priesling, D., Malouf, D. (2001). Gender violence: Transgender experiences with violence and discrimination. The Journal of  Homosexuality, 42, pp.89-101. Love, P., (1999). Cultural barriers facing lesbian, gay, bisexual stude nts at a Catholic college. Journal of Higher Education, 69, pp.298–323. McKinney, J., (2005). On the Margins: A Study of the Experiences of Transgender College Students†. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Issues in Education, 3(1), pp. 58-84. Nakamura, K. (1998). Transitioning on Campus: A case Studies Approach. Working  with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender College Students: A handbook for Faculty and Administrators. Westport, CT: Greenwood. Pusch, R. (2005). Objects of Curiosity: Transgender College Students’ Perception of the Reactions of Others†. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Issues in Education, 3(1), pp. 45-71. Rankin, S. (2003). Campus Climate for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender  People: A National Perspective. New York: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute. This dissertation on Transgender Students on Colleges: Needs and Challenges was written and submitted by user Angela W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.